Rising Temperatures May Impact Wheat, Pulses, and Vegetables – Know the Solutions

The changing weather and unusual temperature rise in Bihar could significantly impact the productivity of rabi crops, particularly wheat, pulses, and vegetables. To tackle this challenge, farmers must adopt proper irrigation management, use organic fertilizers, and follow expert agricultural advice.

Climate Change and Rising Temperatures in Bihar:

Bihar’s climate is primarily monsoonal, with distinct summer, winter, and rainy seasons. In recent years, climate change has caused unexpected fluctuations in these seasons. In February 2025, temperatures have soared abnormally, reaching 30°C, even though wheat, pulses, and vegetable crops are yet to fully mature. If this temperature trend continues, it could adversely affect crop productivity.

February 2025: Daily Weather Analysis:

According to weather data recorded by the Agro-Meteorology Department of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar): Maximum Temperature 29.8°C on February 22, while the lowest was 23.8°C on February 8. After February 19, the maximum temperature consistently remained above 28°C. Minimum Temperature 6.5°C on February 8, rising to 13.6°C on February 21.

Impact of Climate Change on Rabi Crops:

1. Impact on Wheat Crops: The ideal temperature for wheat growth is 24-26°C (maximum) and 10-12°C (minimum). Higher temperatures could lead to early maturity, affecting grain weight and quality. Wheat production is expected to decline by 10-15%.
2. Impact on Pulses: Excessive heat during the flowering and fruiting stages can disrupt pollination. This could result in a 15-20% reduction in yield.
3. Impact on Vegetable Crops: Increased temperatures will lead to higher water demand, necessitating more irrigation. Excessive heat can cause flower and fruit drop, reducing overall yield.

Management Strategies and Solutions for Farmers:

1. For Wheat Crops: Manage irrigation efficiently and delay the final irrigation to retain moisture in the soil for longer. Use stress-tolerant fertilizers to improve crop resilience.
2. For Pulse Crops: Apply light irrigation in the evening to counteract the effects of rising temperatures. Use organic fertilizers and micronutrient sprays to enhance plant tolerance.
3. For Vegetable Crops: Adopt drip irrigation techniques to conserve water and ensure adequate supply to plants. Use net houses or shade nets to protect crops from excessive heat. Implement mulching to retain soil moisture and reduce temperature stress.